Net IONic equations
Net ionic equations are equations that show only the soluble, strong electrolytes reacting (these are represented as ions) and omit the spectator ions, which go through the reaction unchanged.
Here are some problems:
1. Solution of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride
a) When aqueous solutions of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride are mixed together, an insoluble white solid forms. This precipitation reaction is described by the following equation:
2Na3(PO4)(aq) + 3CaCl2(aq) → 6NaCl(aq) + Ca3(PO4)2(s)
This equation is called a molecular equation.
b) The complete ionic equation is used to describe the chemical reaction while also clearly indicating which of the reactants and/or products exist primarily as ions in aqueous solution.
6 Na+ (aq) + 2 ( PO4)3- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) + Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
c) Net Ionic:
2 Na3PO4 (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 2 PO43- (aq)
3 CaCl2 (aq) → 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq)
6 NaCl (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq)
d) Spectator ions are ions that are present in the reaction mixture but do not participate in it. They "sit around and watch the reaction take place". You can recognize spectator ions by looking for ions that are present on both sides of the equation. They will always have the same exact formula, charge, and physical state. They will also be present in exactly the same number on both sides of the equation. For the example reaction that we have been considering, the net ionic equation is found by crossing out the spectator ions from the complete ionic equation:
6 Na+ (aq) + 2 PO43- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) + Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
and then re-writing the "leftovers:"
2 PO43- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) → Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
e) This is a precipitation reaction.
2 Aqueous Lithium Chromate reacts with aqueous tin(IV) chlorate.
a)4LiCr(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(ClO3)2(aq) → 4Li(ClO3)2(aq) + 4SnCr(s)
b)4Li(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(aq) + 4(ClO3)2(-2)(aq) → 4Li(+1)(aq) + 4(ClO3)2)(aq) + 4Sn(-4)(s) + 4Cr(-2)(s)
c)4Cr(aq) + 4Sn(aq) → 4Sn(s) + 4Cr(s)
d)4Li(aq), 4(ClO3)2(aq)
e)Precipitation reaction.
3. Acetic acid is mixed with a calcium hydroxide solution.
a)2C2H4O2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
b)2C2H4O2(0)(aq) + Ca(+2)(aq) + OH2(-1)(aq) → Ca(+2)(aq) + (C2H3O2)2(o)(aq) + 2H2(-1)(l) + 2O(-1)(l)
c)(OH)2(aq) → 2H2O(l)
d)Ca, C2H4O2, and C4H6O4
e)Acid-Base reaction.
Here are some problems:
1. Solution of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride
a) When aqueous solutions of sodium phosphate and calcium chloride are mixed together, an insoluble white solid forms. This precipitation reaction is described by the following equation:
2Na3(PO4)(aq) + 3CaCl2(aq) → 6NaCl(aq) + Ca3(PO4)2(s)
This equation is called a molecular equation.
b) The complete ionic equation is used to describe the chemical reaction while also clearly indicating which of the reactants and/or products exist primarily as ions in aqueous solution.
6 Na+ (aq) + 2 ( PO4)3- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) + Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
c) Net Ionic:
2 Na3PO4 (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 2 PO43- (aq)
3 CaCl2 (aq) → 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq)
6 NaCl (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq)
d) Spectator ions are ions that are present in the reaction mixture but do not participate in it. They "sit around and watch the reaction take place". You can recognize spectator ions by looking for ions that are present on both sides of the equation. They will always have the same exact formula, charge, and physical state. They will also be present in exactly the same number on both sides of the equation. For the example reaction that we have been considering, the net ionic equation is found by crossing out the spectator ions from the complete ionic equation:
6 Na+ (aq) + 2 PO43- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) → 6 Na+ (aq) + 6 Cl- (aq) + Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
and then re-writing the "leftovers:"
2 PO43- (aq) + 3 Ca2+ (aq) → Ca3(PO4)2 (s)
e) This is a precipitation reaction.
2 Aqueous Lithium Chromate reacts with aqueous tin(IV) chlorate.
a)4LiCr(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(ClO3)2(aq) → 4Li(ClO3)2(aq) + 4SnCr(s)
b)4Li(+1)(aq) + 4Cr(-2)(aq) + 4Sn(aq) + 4(ClO3)2(-2)(aq) → 4Li(+1)(aq) + 4(ClO3)2)(aq) + 4Sn(-4)(s) + 4Cr(-2)(s)
c)4Cr(aq) + 4Sn(aq) → 4Sn(s) + 4Cr(s)
d)4Li(aq), 4(ClO3)2(aq)
e)Precipitation reaction.
3. Acetic acid is mixed with a calcium hydroxide solution.
a)2C2H4O2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → Ca(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
b)2C2H4O2(0)(aq) + Ca(+2)(aq) + OH2(-1)(aq) → Ca(+2)(aq) + (C2H3O2)2(o)(aq) + 2H2(-1)(l) + 2O(-1)(l)
c)(OH)2(aq) → 2H2O(l)
d)Ca, C2H4O2, and C4H6O4
e)Acid-Base reaction.